Contents

• Contents
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Background
  • 2.1 Observable Quantities of E and S0 Galaxies
  • 2.2 The Fundamental Plane
    • 2.2.1 The Original Findings
    • 2.2.2 Is the FP Universal?
    • 2.2.3 The Physics Underlying the FP
    • 2.2.4 Variation of ${\left( M/L \right)}$ with L (or M)
    • 2.2.5 Deviations from Homology
    • 2.2.6 The FP as a Distance Indicator
  • 2.3 Stellar Population Synthesis Models
    • 2.3.1 Vazdekis et al. (1996)
    • 2.3.2 Weiss, Peletier, & Matteucci (1995)
    • 2.3.3 Tripicco & Bell (1995)
• 3. Photometric Data and Basic Reductions
  • 3.1 Instrumental Setup for the DFOSC April 1994 Observing Run
  • 3.2 Photometric Observations and Sample Selection
    • 3.2.1 Photometric Observations
    • 3.2.2 Selection of the Photometric Sample
    • 3.2.3 The Individual Observations
  • 3.3 The Basic Reductions of the Photometry
• 4. Surface Photometry and Standard Calibration
  • 4.1 Surface Photometry
    • 4.1.1 Finding and Classifying Objects
    • 4.1.2 Fitting of Ellipses
  • 4.2 Determination of Magnitudes
    • 4.2.1 Determination of the Sky Background Level
    • 4.2.2 Determination of Magnitudes
  • 4.3 Non-photometric Corrections and Standard Calibration
  • 4.4 Internal Comparison of Photometry
    • 4.4.1 Comparison of Aperture Magnitudes
    • 4.4.2 Comparison of Surface Brightness Profiles
  • 4.5 External Comparison of Photometry
    • 4.5.1 Comparison of Aperture Magnitudes
    • 4.5.2 Comparison of Surface Brightness Profiles
• 5. Global Photometric Parameters
  • 5.1 Effective Parameters
  • 5.2 Isophotal Parameters
  • 5.3 Parameters Quantifying the Global Deviations From Ellipses
  • 5.4 Internal Comparison of Global Photometric Parameters
  • 5.5 External Comparison of Global Photometric Parameters
  • 5.6 Corrections to the Magnitudes
    • 5.6.1 Galactic Extinction
    • 5.6.2 k-correction
    • 5.6.3 Cosmological Dimming
  • 5.7 The Final HydraI Global Photometric Parameters
• 6. Spectroscopy
  • 6.1 The Basic Reductions of the Spectroscopy
  • 6.2 Determination of Velocity Dispersion and Radial Velocity
  • 6.3 Determination of Line Indices
  • 6.4 Internal and External Comparison of the Spectroscopy
    • 6.4.1 Internal Comparison
    • 6.4.2 External Comparison and Applied Offsets
  • 6.5 The Available HydraI Spectroscopy
• 7. Analysis
  • 7.1 The Cluster and Sample Properties of HydraI and Coma
    • 7.1.1 Data Overview
    • 7.1.2 The Cluster Properties of HydraI and Coma
  • 7.2 The Fundamental Plane in Gunn r
  • 7.3 The Fundamental Plane in Other Passbands
  • 7.4 Line Indices, Colors and Velocity Dispersions
    • 7.4.1 The ${ {\rm Mg}_2}$-$\sigma$ Relation
    • 7.4.2 The ${ <{\rm Fe}>}$-$\sigma$ Relation
    • 7.4.3 ${ <{\rm Fe}>}$ versus ${ {\rm Mg}_2}$
    • 7.4.4 Color Relations
  • 7.5 Ages, Metallicities, and Abundance Ratios
    • 7.5.1 ${{\rm [Mg/H]}}$, ${{\rm [Fe/H]}}$, ${{\rm [Mg/Fe]}}$, and ages versus $\sigma$ and Mass
    • 7.5.2 The Galaxian Age-Metallicity Relation
  • 7.6 Correlations with the FP Residuals
• 8. Conclusions
• 9. Details of the Basic Reductions of the Photometry
  • 9.1 Bias
  • 9.2 Dark
  • 9.3 Shutter
  • 9.4 Linearity Test
    • 9.4.1 Conversion factor vs. level
    • 9.4.2 The direct test
  • 9.5 Fat Zero
    • 9.5.1 The Extra Correction
  • 9.6 Flat Fields
    • 9.6.1 The Uncertainty on the Flat Fields
    • 9.6.2 Illumination Correction
    • 9.6.3 The Final Photometry Flats
  • 9.7 Overflow and Remanence
  • 9.8 Removal of Spectroscopy Calibration Lamp Signature
  • 9.9 Astrometry
    • 9.9.1 CCD Orientation
    • 9.9.2 CCD Scale
• 10. Details of the Surface Photometry
  • 10.1 Details on How to Fit Ellipses
    • 10.1.1 Fitting a Single Galaxy
    • 10.1.2 Fitting Overlapping Galaxies
  • 10.2 Corrections to the PA-profiles
    • 10.2.1 Transformation to the Standard System
    • 10.2.2 Correction for the Slight CCD Misalignment
    • 10.2.3 PA-profiles that Cross $0^\circ$ or $180^\circ$
  • 10.3 Corrections to Non-Photometric Observations
• 11. The Standard Calibration
  • 11.1 Standard Star Observations
  • 11.2 Aperture Photometry
    • 11.2.1 The Focused Images
    • 11.2.2 The Defocused Images
  • 11.3 Extinction and Night Coefficients
  • 11.4 The Standard Catalog
  • 11.5 The Transformation Equations
• 12. Data for the Coma Cluster
• 13. The HydraI Galaxy Images
• 14. The HydraI Multi-Color Surface Photometry