Abell, G. O., Corwin Jr., H. G., & Olowin, R. P. 1989, ``A Catalog of Rich Clusters of Galaxies'', ApJS, 70, 1
Baggley, G. 1996, ``Peculiar Velocities of Clusters Determined from Early-Type Galaxies'', D. Phil. Thesis, St John's College, Oxford
Bender, R., Burstein, D., & Faber, S. M. 1992, ``Dynamically Hot Galaxies. I. Structural Properties'', ApJ, 399, 462
Bender, R., Burstein, D., & Faber, S. M. 1993, ``Dynamically Hot Galaxies. II. Global Stellar Populations'', ApJ, 411, 153
Bender, R., Surma, P., Döbereiner, S., Möllenhoff, D., & Madejsky, R. 1989, ``Isophote shapes of elliptical galaxies. II. Correlations with global optical, radio and X-ray properties'', A&A, 217, 35
Bertelli, G., Bressan, A., Chiosi, C., Fagotto, F., & Nasi, E. 1994, ``Theoretical isochrones from models with new radiative opacities'', A&AS, 106, 275
Bevington, P. R., & Robinson, D. K. 1992, ``Data Reduction and Error Analysis for the Physical Sciences'', 2nd edition, New York: McGraw-Hill
Borges, A. C., Idiart, T. P., de Freitas Pacheco, J. A., & Thévenin, F. 1995, ``Age and Abundance Effects in Single-Stellar Populations'', AJ, 110, 2408
Burkert, A. 1993, ``Do elliptical galaxies have r1/4 brightness profiles?'', A&A, 278, 23
Burstein, D., Bender, R., & Faber, S. M. 1992, ``The Structural Properties of Dynamically Hot Galaxies'', in Structure, Dynamics and Chemical Evolution of Elliptical Galaxies, eds. Danziger, I. J., Zeilinger, W. W., & Kjär, K., (Garching: ESO), p. 59
Burstein, D., Bender, R., Faber, S. M., & Nolthenius, R. 1997, ``Global Relationships Among the Physical Properties of Stellar Systems'', AJ, to appear (astro-ph/9707037)
Burstein, D., Davies, R. L., Dressler, A., Faber, S. M., Stone, R. P. S., Lynden-Bell, D., Terlevich, R. J., & Wegner, G. 1987, ``Spectroscopy and Photometry of Elliptical Galaxies. III. UBV Aperture Photometry, CCD Photometry, and Magnitude-related Parameters'', ApJS, 64, 601
Burstein, D., Davies, R. L., Dressler, A., Faber, S. M., Lynden-Bell, D., Terlevich, R. J., Wegner, G. 1988, ``Global Stellar Populations of Elliptical Galaxies: A. Optical Properties'', in Towards Understanding Galaxies at Large Redshifts, eds. Kron, R. G., Renzini, A., (Dordrecht: Kluwer), p. 17
Burstein, D., & Heiles, C. 1982, ``Reddening Derived from H I and Galaxy Counts: Accuracy and Maps'', AJ, 87, 1165
Burstein, D., & Heiles, C. 1984, ``Reddening Estimates for Galaxies in the Second Reference Catalog and the Uppsala General Catalog'', ApJS, 54, 33
Caldwell, N., Rose, J. A., Sharples, R. M., Ellis, R. S., & Bower, R. G. 1993, ``Star Formation in Early-type Galaxies in the Coma Cluster'', AJ, 106, 473
Caon, N., Capaccioli, M., & D'Onofrio, M. 1993, ``On the shape of the light profiles of early-type galaxies'', MNRAS, 265, 1013
Capaccioli, M., Held, E. V., Lorenz, H., & Vietri, M. 1990, ``Photographic and CCD Surface Photometry of the Standard Elliptical Galaxy NGC 3379'', AJ, 99, 1813
Carter, D. 1987, ``Weak Disks in Rapidly Rotating Elliptical Galaxies'', ApJ, 312, 514
Ciotti, L., Lanzoni, B., & Renzini, A. 1996, ``The tilt of the fundamental plane of elliptical galaxies - I. Exploring dynamical and structural effects'', MNRAS, 282, 1
David, L. P., Slyz, A., Jones, C., Forman, W., Vrtilek, S. D., & Arnaud, K. A. 1993, ``A Catalog of Intracluster Gas Temperatures'', ApJ, 412, 479
Davies, R. L., Burstein, D., Dressler, A., Faber, S. M., Lynden-Bell, D., Terlevich, R. J., & Wegner, G. 1987, ``Spectroscopy and Photometry of Elliptical Galaxies. II. The Spectroscopic Parameters'', ApJs, 64, 581
Davis, L. E., Cawson, M., Davies, R. L., & Illingworth, G. 1985, ``CCD Surface Photometry of Galaxies with Dynamical Data. I. NGC 3379, M87, and NGC 1052'', AJ, 90, 169
de Carvalho, R. R., & Djorgovski, S. 1992, ``Systematic Differences Between the Field and Cluster Elliptical Galaxies'', ApJ, 389, L49
de Vaucouleurs, G. 1948, ``Recherches sur les Nébuleuses Extragalactiques'', Ann. d'Ap., 11, 247
de Vaucouleurs, G., & Capaccioli, M. 1979, ``Luminosity Distribution in Galaxies. I. The Elliptical Galaxy NGC 3379 as a Luminosity Distribution Standard'', ApJS, 40, 699
de Vaucouleurs, G., de Vaucouleurs, A., & Corwin, H. G. 1976, ``The Second Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies'', Austin: University of Texas Press
Djorgovski, S. 1985, ``Calibration of the Lick red CCD bandpasses'', PASP, 97, 1119
Djorgovski, S. 1995, ``The Fundamental Plane Correlations for Globular Clusters'', ApJ, 438, L29
Djorgovski, S., & Davis, M. 1987, ``Fundamental Properties of Elliptical Galaxies'', ApJ, 313, 59
Djorgovski, S., de Carvalho, R., & Han, M.-S. 1988, ``The Universality(?) of Distance-indicator Relations'', in The Extragalactic Distance Scale, eds. van den Bergh, S., & Prichet, C. J., ASP Conf. Ser. Vol. 4, (Provo: ASP), p. 329
Djorgovski, S., & Santiago, B. X. 1993, ``The Meaning and the Implications of the Fundamental Plane'', in Structure, Dynamics and Chemical Evolution of Elliptical Galaxies, eds. Danziger, I. J., Zeilinger, W. W., & Kjär, K., (Garching: ESO), p. 59
Dressler, A. 1980a, ``Galaxy Morphology in Rich Clusters: Implications for the Formation and Evolution of Galaxies'', ApJ, 236, 351
Dressler, A. 1980b, ``A Catalog of Morphological Types in 55 Rich Clusters of Galaxies'', ApJS, 42, 565
Dressler, A. 1987,
``The
-
relation for Bulges of Disk Galaxies:
A New, Independent Measure of the Hubble Constant'',
ApJ, 317, 1
Dressler, A., Faber, S. M., Burstein, D., Davies, R. L., Lynden-Bell, D., Terlevich, R. J., & Wegner, G. 1987a, ``Spectroscopy and Photometry of Elliptical Galaxies: A Large-Scale Streaming Motion in the Local Universe'', ApJ, 313, L37
Dressler, A., Lynden-Bell, D., Burstein, D., Davies, R. L., Faber, S. M., Terlevich, R. J., & Wegner, G. 1987b, ``Spectroscopy and Photometry of Elliptical Galaxies. I. A New Distance Estimator'', ApJ, 313, 42
Efron, B. 1979, ``Bootstrap methods: another look at the jackknife'', Annals Statist., 7, 1
Efron, B. & Tibshirani, R. J. 1986, ``Bootstrap measures for standard errors, confidence intervals, and other measures of statistical accuracy'', Statist. Science, 1, 54
Efron, B. & Tibshirani, R. J. 1993, ``An Introduction to the Bootstrap'', New York: Chapman & Hall
Eggen & Sandage 1964, ``New Photoelectric Observations of Stars in the Old Galactic Cluster M67'', ApJ, 140, 130
Faber, S. M. 1994, private communication with I. Jørgensen
Faber, S. M., & Burstein, D. 1988, ``Motions of Galaxies in the Neighborhood of the Local Group'', in Large-Scale Motions in the Universe. A Vatican Study Week, eds. Rubin, V. C., & Coyne, G. V., (Princeton: Princeton University Press), p. 115
Faber, S. M., Dressler, A., Davies, R. L., Burstein, D., Lynden-Bell, D., Terlevich, R. J., Wegner, G. 1987, ``Global Scaling Relations for Elliptical Galaxies and Implications for Formation'', in Nearly Normal Galaxies, ed. Faber, S. M., (New York: Springer), p. 175
Faber, S. M., Friel, E. D., Burstein, D., & Gaskell, C. M. 1985, ``Old Stellar Populations. II. An Analysis of K-giant Spectra'', ApJS, 57, 711
Faber, S. M., Trager, S. C., Gonzáles, J. J., & Worthey, G. 1995, ``The Stellar Ages of Elliptical Galaxies'', in Stellar Populations, IAU Symp. 164, eds. van der Kruit, P. C., & Gilmore, G., (Dordrecht: Kluwer), p. 249
Faber, S. M., Wegner, G., Burstein, D., Davies, R. L., Dressler, A., Lynden-Bell, D., & Terlevich, R. J. 1989, ``Spectroscopy and Photometry of Elliptical Galaxies. VI. Sample Selection and Data Summary'', ApJS, 69, 763
Fasano, G., & Franceschini, A. 1987, ``A multidimensionel version of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test'', MNRAS, 225, 155
Franx, M., & Illingworth, G. 1990, ``Color Gradients in Elliptical Galaxies'', ApJ, 359, L41
Franx, M., Illingworth, G., & Heckman, T. 1989a, ``Major and Minor Axis Kinematics of 22 Ellipticals'', ApJ, 344, 613
Franx, M., Illingworth, G., & Heckman, T. 1989b, ``Multicolor Surface Photometry of 17 Ellipticals'', AJ, 98, 538
Gonzáles, J. J. 1993, Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. California, Santa Cruz
Gregg, M. D. 1992, ``Stellar Population-induced Peculiar Velocities of Elliptical Galaxies'', ApJ, 384, 43
Guzmán, R., Lucey, J. R., & Bower, R. G. 1993, ``The fundamental relations of elliptical galaxies'', MNRAS, 265, 731
Guzmán, R., Lucey, J. R., Carter, D., & Terlevich, R. J. 1992,
``The environmental dependence of the
correlations for elliptical
galaxies'',
MNRAS, 257, 187
Hjorth, J., & Madsen, J. 1995, ``Small Deviations from the R1/4 Law, the Fundamental Plane, and Phase Densities of Elliptical Galaxies'', ApJ, 445, 55
Hjorth, J., & Tanvir, N. R. 1997, ``Calibration of the fundamental plane zero-point in the Leo-I group and an estimate of the Hubble constant'', ApJ, to appear (astro-ph/9701025)
Idiart, T. P., de Freitas Pacheco, J. A., & Costa, R. D. D. 1996, ``Metallicity Indices For Multipopulation Models. I. The Galactic Bulge'', AJ, 111, 1169
Jedrzejewski, R. I. 1987, ``CCD Surface Photometry of Elliptical Galaxies - I. Observations, Reductions and Results'', MNRAS, 226, 747
Johnson, H. L., & Sandage, A. R. 1955, ``The Galactic Cluster M67 and its Significance for Stellar Evolution'', ApJ, 121, 616
Jørgensen, I. 1994, ``Secondary Photometric Standard Stars for the Thuan-Gunn and Johnson-Kron-Cousins System'', PASP, 106, 967
Jørgensen, I. 1997a, ``Stellar populations of cluster E and S0 galaxies'', MNRAS, in press (astro-ph/9702076) (J97)
Jørgensen, I. 1997b, in prep.
Jørgensen, I. 1997c, ``The Fundamental Plane and the choice of photometric parameters'', to appear in the proceedings of the 3rd ESO-VLT Workshop: Galaxy Scaling Relations, eds. da Costa et al., (Springer)
Jørgensen, I., & Franx, M. 1994, ``The Nature of E and S0 Galaxies: A Study of a Magnitude-limited Sample of Galaxies in the Coma Cluster'', ApJ, 433, 553 (JF94)
Jørgensen, I., Franx, M., & Kjærgaard, P. 1992, ``CCD Surface Photometry for E and S0 Galaxies in the Coma Cluster'', A&AS, 95, 489 (JFK92)
Jørgensen, I., Franx, M., & Kjærgaard, P. 1993,
``Sources of Scatter in the Fundamental Plane and the
-
Relation'',
ApJ, 411, 34
(JFK93)
Jørgensen, I., Franx, M., & Kjærgaard, P. 1995a, ``Multicolour CCD Surface Photometry for E and S0 Galaxies in 10 Clusters'', MNRAS, 273, 1097 (JFK95a)
Jørgensen, I., Franx, M., & Kjærgaard, P. 1995b, ``Spectroscopy for E and S0 Galaxies in Nine Clusters'', MNRAS, 276, 1341 (JFK95b)
Jørgensen, I., Franx, M., & Kjærgaard, P. 1996, ``The Fundamental Plane for Cluster E and S0 Galaxies'', MNRAS, 280, 167 (JFK96)
Kent, S. M., & Gunn, J. E. 1982, ``The Dynamics of Rich Clusters of Galaxies. I. The Coma Cluster'', AJ, 87, 945
Landolt, A. U. 1992, ``UBVRI Photometric Standard Stars in the Magnitude Range 11.5 < V < 16.0 Around the Celestial Equator'', AJ, 104, 340
Lucey, J. R., Bower, R. G., & Ellis, R. S. 1991a, ``The fundamental plane of cluster ellipticals'', MNRAS, 249, 755
Lucey, J. R., & Carter, D. 1988, ``Distances to Five Nearby Southern Galaxy Clusters and the Absolute Motion of the Local Group'', MNRAS, 235, 1177
Lucey, J. R., Guzmán, R., Carter, D., & Terlevich, R. J. 1991b,
``New
results for Coma cluster ellipticals'',
MNRAS, 253, 584
Lynden-Bell, D., Faber, S. M., Burstein, D., Davies, R. L., Dressler, A., Terlevich, R. J., & Wegner, G. 1988, ``Spectroscopy and Photometry of Elliptical Galaxies. V. Galaxy Streaming Toward the New Supergalactic Center'', ApJ, 326, 19
Makino, J., Akiyama, K., & Sugimote, D. 1990, ``On the Apparent Universality of the r1/4 Law for Brightness Distribution in Galaxies'', PASJ, 42, 205
Montgomery, K. A., Marschall, L. A., & Janes, K. A. 1993, ``CCD Photometry of the Old Open Cluster M67'', AJ, 106, 181
Mohr, J. J., & Wegner, G. 1997, ``Using the Fundamental Plane Distance to Estimate the Total Binding Mass in Abell 2626'', AJ, in press (astro-ph/9704202)
Nieto, J.-L., Bender, R., Davoust, E., & Prugniel, P. 1990, ``The low-mass extension of the fundamental plane of elliptical galaxies'', A&A, 230, L17
Nilson, P. 1973, ``Uppsala General Catalogue of Galaxies'', Vol. 6, Uppsala: Uppsala Obs. Ann.
O'Connell, R. W. 1976, ``Galaxy Spectral Synthesis. I. Stellar Populations in the Nuclei of Giant Ellipticals'', ApJ, 206, 370
Peletier, R. F., Davies, R. L., Illingworth, G. D., Davis, L. E., & Cawson, M. 1990, ``CCD Surface Photometry of Galaxies with Dynamical Data. II. UBR Photometry of 39 Elliptical Galaxies'', AJ, 100, 1091
Pence, W. 1976, ``K-corrections for Galaxies of Different Morphological Types'', ApJ, 203, 39
Petrosian, V. 1976, ``Surface Brightness and Evolution of Galaxies'', ApJ, 209, L1
Phillipps, S. 1988,
``On the
-
relation for elliptical galaxies'',
MNRAS, 233, 561
Postman, M., & Geller, M. J. 1984, ``The Morphology-Density Relation: The Group Connection'', ApJ, 281, 95
Poulain, P., & Nieto, J.-L. 1994, ``UBVRI Photoelectric Photometry of Bright Southern Early-type Galaxies'', A&AS, 103, 573
Press, W. H., Teukolsky, S. A., Vetterling, W. T., & Flannery, B. P. 1992, ``Numerical Recipes'', 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Prugniel, P., & Simien, F. 1996, ``The fundamental plane of early-type galaxies: stellar populations and mass-to-light ratio'', A&A, 309, 749
Recillas-Cruz, E., Carrasco, L., Serrano, P. G., & Cruz-Gonzáles, I. 1990, ``The manifold of early-type galaxies from IR photometry: the Coma cluster'', A&A, 229, 64
Renzini, A., & Ciotti, L. 1993, ``Transverse Dissections of the Fundamental Planes of Elliptical Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies'', ApJ, 416, L49
Rich, R. M. 1988, ``Spectroscopy and Abundances of 88 K Giants in Baade's Window'', AJ, 95, 828
Richter, O.-G. 1989, ``The Hydra I Cluster of Galaxies. V. A catalogue of galaxies in the cluster area'', ApJS, 77, 237
Saglia, R. P., Bertschinger, E., Baggley, G., Burstein, D., Colless, M., Davies, R. L., McMahan Jr., R. K., & Wegner, G., 1993, ``The effects of seeing on the photometric properties of elliptical galaxies'', MNRAS, 264, 961
Salpeter, E. E. 1955, ``The Luminosity Function and Stellar Evolution'', ApJ, 121, 161
Sandage, A. 1975, ``The Redshift-distance Relation. VIII. Magnitudes and Redshifts of Southern Galaxies in Groups: A Further Mapping of the Local Velocity Field and an Estimate of q0'', ApJ, 202, 563
Sargent, W. L. W., Schechter, P. L., Boksenberg, A., & Shortridge, K. 1977, ``Velocity Dispersions for 13 Galaxies'', ApJ, 212, 326
Scalo, J. M. 1986, ``The Stellar Initial Mass Function'', Fundam. Cosmic Phys., 11, 1
Schild 1983, ``CCD Photometry of M67 Stars Useful as BVRI Standards'', PASP, 95, 1021
Schweizer, F., Seitzer, P., Faber, S. M., Burstein, D., Dalle Ore, C. M., Gonzáles, J. J. 1990, ``Correlation Between Line Strengths and Fine Structure in Elliptical Galaxies'', ApJ, 364, L33
Seaton, M. J. 1979, ``Interstellar Extinction in the UV'', MNRAS, 187, 73p
Smyth, R. J. 1980, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Edingburgh
Stein, P. 1996, ``Structure and Kinematics of Galaxy Clusters. I. The Redshift Catalogue'', A&AS, 116, 203
Stetson, P. B. 1989, ``Some Factors Affecting the Accuracy of Stellar Photometry with CCDs (And Some Ways of Dealing with them)'', in Highlights of Astronomy, 8, 635, ed. D. McNally
Stetson, P. B. 1990, ``On the Growth-Curve Method for Calibrating Stellar Photometry with CCDs'', PASP, 102, 932
Stuart, A., & Ord, J. K. 1987, ``Kendall's Advanced Theory of Statistics'', 5th ed., vol. 1, London: Charles Griffin & Company
Tripicco, M. J., & Bell, R. A. 1995, ``Modeling the Lick/IDS Spectral Feature Indices Using Synthetic Spectra'', AJ, 110, 3035
van den Bergh, S. 1977, ``Photometric Observations of Galaxies in the Hydra I Cluster'', ApJ, 212, 317
van der Marel, R. P. 1991, ``The velocity dispersion anisotropy and mass-to-light ratio of elliptical galaxies'', MNRAS, 253, 710
Vazdekis, A., Casuso, E., Peletier, R. F., Beckman, & J. E. 1996, ``A New Chemo-evolutionary Population Synthesis Model for Early-type Galaxies. I. Theoretical Basis'', ApJS, 106, 307
Weedman, D. W. 1976, ``The Hubble Diagram for Nuclear Magnitudes of Cluster Galaxies'', ApJ, 203, 6
Weinberg, S. 1972, ``Gravitation and Cosmology'', New York: John Wiley & Sons
Weiss, A., Peletier, R. F., & Matteucci, F. 1995,
``Synthetic metal line indices for elliptical galaxies
from super metal-rich -enhanced stellar models'',
A&A, 296, 73
Wolf, N. J. 1982, ``High Resolution Imaging from the Ground'', ARA&A, 20, 367
Worthey, G. 1994, ``Comprehensive Stellar Population Models and the Disentanglement of Age and Metallicity Effects'', ApJS, 95, 107
Worthey, G., Faber, S. M., & Gonzáles, J. J. 1992, ``Mg and Fe Absorption Features in Elliptical Galaxies'', ApJ, 398, 69
Worthey, G., Faber, S. M., Gonzáles, J., & Burstein, D. 1994, ``Old Stellar Populations. V. Absorption Feature Indices for the Complete Lick/IDS Sample of Stars'', ApJS, 94, 687
Worthey, G., Trager, S. C., & Faber, S. M. 1995, ``The Galaxian Age-Metallicity Relation'', in Fresh Views of Elliptical Galaxies, eds. Buzzoni, A., Renzini, A., & Serrano, A., ASP Conf. Ser. Vol. 86, (Provo: ASP), p. 203
Zabludoff, A. I., Huchra, J. P., & Geller, M. J. 1990, ``The Kinematics of Abell Clusters'', ApJS, 74, 1
Properties of E and S0 Galaxies in the Clusters HydraI and Coma
Master's Thesis, University of Copenhagen, July 1997
Bo Milvang-Jensen (milvang@astro.ku.dk)