Convection and Magneto-convection

Alencar+99:

S. H. P. Alencar, L. P. R. Vaz, and Å. Nordlund. The gravity--brightening effect and stellar atmospheres. 2. Results for illuminated models with $3\,700\,\rm K < T_\rm eff < 7\,000\,\rm K$. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 346:556--563, jun 1999.

Allende+01a:

C. Allende Prieto, M. Asplund, R. J. Garc\' ia L\' opez, D. L. Lambert, and Å. Nordlund. R200,000 Spectroscopic Observations of Procyon. The Surface Convection and Radial Velocity (CD-ROM Directory: contribs/allende2). In ASP Conf. Ser. 223: 11th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun, volume~11, 760+, 2001.

Asplund+99a:

Martin Asplund, Åke Nordlund, and Regner Trampedach. 3D hydrodynamical model atmospheres of metal-poor stars; evidence for a low primordial Li abundance. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 346:L17--L20, jun 1999.

Asplund+99b:

M. Asplund, Å. Nordlund, R. Trampedach, C. Allende Prieto, and R. F. Stein. Line formation in solar granulation, I. Shapes, shifts and asymmetries. A&A, 359:729--742, 2000.

Asplund+99c:

M. Asplund, H.-G. Ludwig, Å. Nordlund, and R. F. Stein. The effect of numerical resolution on hydrodynamical surface convection simulations and spectral line formation. A&A, 359:669--681, 2000.

Asplund+99d:

M. Asplund, Å. Nordlund, R. Trampedach, and R. F. Stein. Line formation in solar granulation, II. The photospheric Fe abundance. A&A, 359:743--754, 2000.

Asplund+99granada:

Martin Asplund, Åke Nordlund, and Regner Trampedach. Confrontation of stellar surface convection simulations with stellar spectroscopy. In Alvaro Gimenez, Ed Guinan, and Benjamin Montesinos, editors, Theory and Tests of Convective Energy Transport, volume 173 of ASP Conference Series, 221--224. American Society of Physics, 1999.

Bercik+00a:

D. J. Bercik, R. F. Stein, and A. Nordlund. Magneto-Convection in Micropores. In American Astronomical Society Meeting, volume 197, 3105+, December 2000.

Bercik+99a:

D. J. Bercik, R. F. Stein, and Å. Nordlund. Near Surface Magneto-Convection. American Astronomical Society Meeting, 194:5501+, may 1999.

Brandenburg+90a:

A. Brandenburg, Å. Nordlund, Pulkkinen P., R. F Stein, and I. Tuominen. 3-D Simulation of Turbulent Cyclonic Magneto-convection. A&A, 232:277, 1990.

Brandenburg+95gac:

Axel Brandenburg, Robert F. Stein, and Åke Nordlund. Astrophysical Convection. In Peter A. Fox and Bob Kerr, editors, Proceedings ``Geophysical and Astrophysical Convection 95'', ~85. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 2000.

Dravins+81:

D. Dravins, L. Lindegren, and Å. Nordlund. Solar Granulation: Influence of Convection on Spectral Line Asymmetries and Wavelength Shifts. A&A, 96:345, 1981.

Dravins+86:

D. Dravins, L. Lindegren, and Å. Nordlund. Solar FeII Line Asymmetries and Wavelength Shifts. A&A, 158:83, 1986.

Dravins+92:

D. Dravins, L. Lindegren, Å. Nordlund, and D. A. VandenBerg. The Distant Future of Solar Activity: A Case Study of $\beta$ Hydri. I. Stellar Evolution, Lithium Abundance, and Atmopsheric Structure. ApJ, 403:385--395, 1992.

Dravins+Nordlund90a:

D. Dravins and Å. Nordlund. Stellar Granulation IV: Line formation in inhomogeneous stellar photospheres. A&A, 228:184, 1990.

Dravins+Nordlund90b:

D. Dravins and Å. Nordlund. Stellar Granulation V: Synthetic spectral lines in disk-integrated starlight. A&A, 228:203, 1990.

Georgobiani+98gong:

D. Georgobiani, J. R. Kuhn, Å. Nordlund, and R. F. Stein. Heat transport in the convective zone and deviations from the mixing length theory models. In Structure and Dynamics of the Interior of the Sun and Sun-like Stars, SOHO 6/GONG 98, 771+, 1998.

Georgobiani+99a:

D. Georgobiani, R. Nigam, A. G. Kosovichev, R. F. Stein, and Å. Nordlund. Three-dimensional simulations of solar oscillations: line profiles and asymmetries. American Astronomical Society Meeting, 194:5605+, may 1999.

Georgobiani+99b:

D. Georgobiani, A. G. Kosovichev, R. Nigam, Å. Nordlund, and R. F. Stein. Numerical Simulations of Oscillation Modes of the Solar Convection Zone. ApJ, 530:L139--L142, February 2000.

Lites+89:

B. W. Lites, Å. Nordlund, and G. S. Scharmer. Constraints Imposed by Very High Resolution Spectra and Images on Theoretical Simulations of Granular Convection. In R.J. Rutten and G. Severino, editors, Solar and Stellar Granulation, volume 263 of NATO ASI C, 349--357. Kluwer Academic Press, 1989.

Ludwig+Nordlund00a:

H. Ludwig and A. Nordlund. The atmospheric dynamics in 2D and 3D simulations of stellar surface convection. In Stellar Astrophysics, Proceedings of the Pacific Rim Conference held in Hong Kong, 1999. Edited by L. S. Cheng, H. F. Chau, K. L. Chan, and K. C. Leung, published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 2000., p.37, 37+, 2000.

Nordlund+96bombay:

Å. Nordlund, R. F. Stein, and A. Brandenburg. Supercomputer Windows into the Solar Convection Zone. In H. M. Antia and S. M. Chitre, editors, Windows on the Sun's Interior, volume~24 of Bull. of the Astronomical Soc. of India, 261--279, 1996.

Nordlund+97turb:

Åke Nordlund, Henk C. Spruit, Hans-G&udiaer;nter Ludwig, and Regner Trampedach. Is stellar granulation turbulence?. A&A, 328:229, 1997.

Nordlund+Dravins90:

Å. Nordlund and D. Dravins. Stellar Granulation III: Hydrodynamic Model Atmospheres. A&A, 228:155, 1990.

Nordlund+Stein90a:

Å. Nordlund and R. F. Stein. 3-D Simulations of Solar and Stellar Convection and Magnetoconvection. Computer Phys. Communications, 59:119, 1990.

Nordlund+Stein91c:

Å. Nordlund and R. F Stein. Granulation: Non-Adiabatic Patterns and Shocks. In D.O. Gough and J. Toomre, editors, Challenges to Theories of the Structure of Moderate Mass Stars, volume 388 of Lecture Notes in Physics, 141--146. Springer, Heidelberg, 1991.

Nordlund+Stein91tr:

Å. Nordlund and R. F Stein. Dynamics of and radiative transfer in inhomogeneous media. In L. Crivellari, I. Hubeny, and D. G. Hummer, editors, Stellar Atmospheres: Beyond Classical Models. Kluwer, 1991.

Nordlund+Stein96liege:

Å. Nordlund and R. F. Stein. Convection: Significance for Stellar Structure and Evolution. In A. Noels, D. Fraipont-Cro, M. Gabriel, N. Grevesse, and P. Demarque, editors, Proceedings from the 32nd Liege Colloquium, 75--93. Universite de Liege, Institut d'Astrophyique, 1996.

Nordlund+Stein97score:

Å. Nordlund and R. F. Stein. Stellar Convection: General Properties. In F. P. Pijpers, J.Christensen-Dalsgaard, and C. S. Rosenthal, editors, Solar Convection, Oscillations and their Relationship; SCORe'96, 79--103, Dordrecht, 1997. Kluwer Academic Press.

Nordlund+Stein98nap:

Å. Nordlund and R. F. Stein. Solar Convection and MHD. In Shoken M. Miyama, Kohji Tomisaka, and Tomoyuki Hanagawa, editors, Proc. of the International Conferece on Numerical Astrophysics 1998 (NAP98), volume 240 of Astrophysics and Space Science Library, 293--301. Kluwer, 1999.

Nordlund+Stein99budapest:

Å. Nordlund and R. F. Stein. 3-D Convection Models: Are They Compatible with 1-D Models?. In Proc. IAU Coll. 176: The Impact of Large-Scale Surveys on Pulsating Star Research, volume ASP Conf. Ser. 203, 362--372, 2000.

Nordlund+Stein99granada:

Åke Nordlund and Robert F. Stein. Convection Simulations. In Alvaro Gimenez, Ed Guinan, and Benjamin Montesinos, editors, Theory and Tests of Convective Energy Transport, volume 173 of ASP Conference Series, 91--102. American Society of Physics, 1999.

Nordlund74:

Å. Nordlund. On Convection in Stellar Atmospheres. A&A, 32:407, 1974.

Nordlund75:

Å. Nordlund. A Two-Component Representation of Stellar Atmospheres with Convection. A&A, 50:23, 1975.

Nordlund82:

Å. Nordlund. Numerical Simulations of the Solar Granulation: I. Basic Equations and Methods. A&A, 107:1, 1982.

Nordlund85f:

Å. Nordlund. Solar Convection. Solar Physics, 100:209, 1985.

Pulkkinen+93:

P. Pulkkinen, I. Tuominen, Brandenburg A., Å. Nordlund, and R. F. Stein. Rotational Effects on Convection Simulated at Different Latitudes. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 267:265--274, 1993.

Rast+93:

M. P. Rast, Å. Nordlund, R. F. Stein, and J. Toomre. Ionization effects in three--dimensional granulation simulations. ApJ, 408:L53--L56, 1993.

Rieutord+01a:

M. Rieutord, T. Roudier, H.-G. Ludwig, Å. Nordlund, and R. Stein. Are granules good tracers of solar surface velocity fields?. \aap, 377:L14--L17, October 2001.

Spruit+90:

H. C. Spruit, Å. Nordlund, and A. Title. Solar Convection. ARA&A, 28:263--301, 1990.

Stein+01a:

Robert F. Stein, David J. Bercik, and Åke Nordlund. Solar Convection and Magneto-Convection Simulations. In Rome 2001, 2001.

Stein+97aas:

R. F. Stein, D. J. Bercik, A. Brandenburg, D. Georgobiani, and A. Nordlund. Solar Magneto-Convection. BAAS, 191:7417+, dec 1997.

Stein+97insight:

Robert F. Stein, Mats Carlsson, and Åke Nordlund. Numerical Simulations Can Lead to New Insights. In D. A. Clarke and M. J. West, editors, Computational Astrophysics, Procedings 12th Kingston Meeting on Theoretical Astrophysics, volume 123 of ASP Conf. Ser., 72--77, 1997.

Stein+99a:

R. F. Stein, D. Bercik, D. Georgobiani, and Å. Nordlund. Realistic Simulations of Solar Surface Convection. American Astronomical Society Meeting, 194:2104+, may 1999.

Stein+99granada:

R. F. Stein, D. Georgobiani, D. J. Bercik, A. Brandenburg, and Å. Nordlund. Magneto-Convection. In Alvaro Gimenez, Ed Guinan, and Benjamin Montesinos, editors, Theory and Tests of Convective Energy Transport, volume 173 of ASP Conference Series, 193--196. American Society of Physics, 1999.

Stein+Nordlund00a:

R.\ F. Stein and Åke Nordlund. Realistic Solar Surface Convection Simulations. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 898:21--??, 2000.

Stein+Nordlund00b:

R. F. Stein and Åke Nordlund. Realistic Solar Convection Simulations. Solar Phys., 192:91--108, March 2000.

Stein+Nordlund89b:

R. F. Stein and Å. Nordlund. Topology of Convection Beneath the Solar Surface. ApJ, 342:L95--L98, 1989.

Stein+Nordlund94a:

R. F. Stein and Å. Nordlund. Subphotospheric Convection. In D. Rabin, J. Jefferies, and C. Lindsey, editors, Infrared Solar Physics, IAU Symposium 154, 225--238, Dordrecht, 1994. Kluwer.

Stein+Nordlund97a:

R. F. Stein and Å. Nordlund. Simulations of Solar Granulation: I. General Properties. ApJ, 499:914--933, 1998.

Stein+Nordlund99a:

R. F. Stein and Å. Nordlund. Realistic Solar Convection Simulations. Solar Physics, 192:91--108, 2000.

Stein+Nordlund99florida:

R. F. Stein and Å. Nordlund. Magneto-Convection. In Proc. 14th Int. Ann. Florida Workshop in Nonlinear Astronomy and Physics: "Astrophysical Turbulence and Convection", (submitted), University of Florida, Februar 1999. New York Academy of Sciences.

Trampedach+99granada:

Regner Trampedach, Robert F. Stein, J\orgen Christensen-Dalsgaard, and Åke Nordlund. Stellar evolution with a variable mixing-length parameter. In Alvaro Gimenez, Ed Guinan, and Benjamin Montesinos, editors, Theory and Tests of Convective Energy Transport, volume 173 of ASP Conference Series, 233--236. American Society of Physics, 1999.

Wohl+Nordlund85:

H. W&odiaer;hl and Å. Nordlund. A Comparison of Artificial Solar Granules with Real Solar Granules. Solar Physics, 97:213, 1985.

vanBallegooijen+98a:

A. A. van Ballegooijen, P. Nisenson, R. W. Noyes, M. G. L&odiaer;fdahl, R. F. Stein, Å. Nordlund, and V. Krishnakumar. Dynamics of Magnetic Flux Elements in the Solar Photosphere. ApJ, 509:435--447, 1998.